Bipolar disorder (formerly manic depression) is characterized by dramatic shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels, oscillating between periods of emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).
Manic Episodes: Feeling very “up,” elated, wired, or extremely irritable; decreased need for sleep; racing thoughts and rapid speech; impulsivity and risky behavior (e.g., spending sprees, reckless sex).
Depressive Episodes: Symptoms similar to major depression, including sadness, loss of energy, changes in sleep and appetite, and feelings of worthlessness.